Crinoidea species

How much does a crinoid weigh? A living crinoid weighs about 27 oz (746 g) . Where as the crinoid fossil weighs about 0.06 oz (1.760 g). What are their male and female names of the species? No, the male and female species of crinoid do not have different names but the class has may species with different common names like sea lilies and feather ...

Crinoidea species. Based on the fossil record of crinoids, especially the details of the plates that made up the arms and calyx, experts have identified hundreds of different crinoid species. Though most crinoids had stems, not all did. Today, stemless crinoids live in a wide range of ocean environments, from shallow to deep, whereas their relatives with stems ...

The Crinoidea of Gotland. Part I. The Crinoidea Inadunata. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ... XV. Bianthrones and related …

The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide , Zootaxa: Vol. 4268 No. 2: 16 May 2017 MINDI M. SUMMERS, IIN INAYAT AL-HAKIM, GREG W. ROUSE, Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida) , Zootaxa: Vol. 3873 No. 4: 17 Oct. 2014We provide a guide for identification of Comatulidae, a family of crinoid echinoderms, incorporating morphological and molecular evidence. A non-dichotomous key for all genera is included, as well as photographs of species most likely to be encountered in the tropical western Pacific Ocean.Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are a valuable source of genetic information for a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships. However, no mitogenome of any species in the genus of Photinia has been reported. In this study, using NGS sequencing, we reported the mitogenome assembly …The modern Protankyra species diverged in the Early Cretaceous (125.14 vs 117.48 Mya). The split date between the Euapta species and S. maculata + S. reticulata group occurred in the boundary of the Jurassic and Cretaceous (149.01 vs 121.83 Mya). The lineage of Chiridotidae diversified in the Middle Jurassic (171.58 vs 166.11 Mya).Echinoidea. There are ap­prox­i­mately 940 species of echi­noids dis­trib­uted world­wide in ma­rine habi­tats from the in­ter­tidal to 5000 me­ters deep. Their fos­sil record is ex­ten­sive due to their test (an in­ter­nal skele­ton), and dates back to the mid­dle Or­dovi­cian pe­riod. Echi­noids are com­monly grouped ...Aug 23, 2022 · Abstract. Crinoids, commonly known as sea lilies, are marine invertebrates of the phylum Echinodermata. Their bodies are divided into peduncle, theca, and arms. Already present in the Paleozoic, currently about 600–650 recent species are known. Since animals are composed of many segments and plates, in the first printed texts are represented ... In 2005 however, a stalked crinoid was observed pulling itself along the sea floor with amazing speed (between 472 to 591 feet / 144 to 180 meters per hour). 6. There are only 600 living species of crinoids. 600 might seem like a large number, but considering these animals were once widely spread, there are over 6000 fossil species described. 7.

assignments, many of which are new, of crinoid species from England and Wales are listed in Appendix A. Changes to the generic statu osf species ar e noted along wit a brieh f justifi­ cation. No attemp it s made her aet species-leve l synonymy. These taxonomic revision ares based on both a review of theMost giraffe species are currently endangered. According to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation, there were an estimated 140,000 giraffes in African in 1999, but the number has declined to less than 80,000 giraffes today.The Biodiversity Heritage Library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community.Neocrinus decorus is a species of crinoid in the family Isocrinidae. Its fossil record indicates it has been in existence for at least 23 million years. It typically lives at depths from 154 to 1219 meters near the Caribbean Sea of Venezuela mostly thriving on hard substrate where it can crawl about more easily in search of new food sources.Comatulidae is the most commonly-encountered and species-rich crinoid group on shallow tropical coral reefs, particularly in the Indo-western Pacific region (IWP). We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the group with concatenated data from up to seven genes for 43 nominal species spanning 17 genera and all subfamilies.Platycrinites are an extinct genus of Paleozoic stalked crinoids belonging to the family Platycrinitidae. These stationary upper-level epifaunal suspension feeders lived during the Devonian, Permian and the Carboniferous periods, from 376.1 to 259.0 Ma. ٠٩‏/٠٤‏/٢٠٢٠ ... There are no fish species specialized in feeding on comatulids; nevertheless, sometimes fish attack them, and findings of comatulid fragments in ...

Bathycrinus carpenterii is a species of sea lily, a crinoid in the family Bathycrinidae. It is native to the North Atlantic. [1] It was described by Danielssen & Koren. [2] The species …This compilation. This is a compilation of the Christmas Island Applied Laws Ordinance 1992 that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 23 September 2023 (the compilation date). The notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the …Evolution of Crinoidea. Crinoids derived in the Cambrian Period from pelmatozoan ancestors. The first true Crinoids appeared during the Lower Ordovician. Following the global mass extinction at the Silurian boundary, they and underwent several major radiations at the early Devonian, Missisippian (peak) and Pennsylvanian. assignments, many of which are new, of crinoid species from England and Wales are listed in Appendix A. Changes to the generic statu osf species ar e noted along wit a brieh f justifi­ cation. No attemp it s made her aet species-leve l synonymy. These taxonomic revision ares based on both a review of theobtained in the archibenthal region of Central Chile. This species is recorded for the first time from outside the Antarctic region. Specific diagnose for the species and a biogeographic discussion are included. INTRODUCCION La presencia de ejemplares de Solanome­ tra antarctica (Carpenter, 1888), frente a las costas de Chile central, permite ...

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Crinoidea O Echinoidea O Holothuroidea O Ophiuroidea O Asteroidea You have discovered a new species of echinoderm that has Cuvierian tubules that it can eject as a defensive …Crinoidea distribution data from: Deep-sea fauna of European seas - an annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the …The Crinoidea of Gotland. Part I. The Crinoidea Inadunata. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar ... XV. Bianthrones and related …Jun 2, 2023 · The feather star, also popularly known as a sea lily, belongs to Crinoid species of the Echinoderm family which comprise of starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars and sea cucumbers. The word “crinoid” or “crinoidea” comes from the Greek word krinon, which means “a lily”, and eidos, meaning “form” which perfectly describes the sea ... Crinoids of New York. American Journal of Science and Arts, 25:277-279. MILLER, S. A. 1883. The American Palaezoic Fossils: a catalogue of the genera and species, with names of authors, dates, places of pub­ lication, groups of books in which found, and the etymology and significance of the words, and an introduction devoted to the strati-

Crinoids (Crinoidea) or commonly known as sea lilies, are a class belonging to the phylum of Echinoderms. Its name derives from the Greek krinon meaning ...Jan 16, 2018 · An outstanding publication was the work on the crinoids from the Pliensbachian of Arzo (Hess 2006a). As with the ophiuroids, Hans had started to sieve disintegrated sediments, and the material from Arzo proved overwhelmingly rich. From nearly 30,000 isolated ossicles, Hans reconstructed 30 crinoid species, of which 16 were new to science. The Antarctic strawberry feather star is a sea creature with 20 so-called "arms" — some bumpy, some feathery — and can altogether be up to eight inches long, Greg Rouse, a marine biology professor...After Ausich & Messig, 1998 [“The Tree of Life Project”] and Hess, Ausich, Brett & Simms, 1999. A List of Fossil and Living Crinoid Genera and Species ...Mar 7, 2023 · Bioluminescence in echinoderms has been known since the early 19th century. Of the four luminous classes known, Crinoidea is the least studied, with only five bioluminescent species reported. The research conducted during the RV Southern Surveyor 2005 “Mapping benthic ecosystems” and the RV Investigator 2017 “Sampling the Abyss” cruises aimed to systematically sample deep benthic ... Sea lily, any crinoid marine invertebrate animal (class Crinoidea, phylum Echinodermata) in which the adult is fixed to the sea bottom by a stalk. Other crinoids (such as feather stars) resemble sea lilies; however, they lack a stalk and can move from place to place. The sea lily stalk is How much does a crinoid weigh? A living crinoid weighs about 27 oz (746 g) . Where as the crinoid fossil weighs about 0.06 oz (1.760 g). What are their male and female names of the species? No, the male and female species of crinoid do not have different names but the class has may species with different common names like sea lilies and feather ... Jan 16, 2018 · An outstanding publication was the work on the crinoids from the Pliensbachian of Arzo (Hess 2006a). As with the ophiuroids, Hans had started to sieve disintegrated sediments, and the material from Arzo proved overwhelmingly rich. From nearly 30,000 isolated ossicles, Hans reconstructed 30 crinoid species, of which 16 were new to science.

1 Regular Member Members 354 posts Gender: Male Location: Ordovician; Southwest Ohio Posted June 2, 2018 Where exactly were these found? 2nd is a branching coral impression. Not sure on ID for the first one, though I am thinking crinoid as well. It is large! Neat finds. 1 on the endless path to enlightenment thru Earth Science Regular Members

Les Crinoïdes (Crinoidea) forment une classe d'animaux marins appartenant à l'embranchement des échinodermes. Les crinoïdes sont des animaux sessiles (fixes) ou …Nervous system development in echinoderms has been well documented, especially for sea urchins and starfish. However, that of crinoids, the most basal group of extant echinoderms, has been poorly studied due to difficulties in obtaining their larvae. In this paper, we report nervous system development from two species of crinoids, from hatching to late doliolaria larvae in the sea lily ...Nucleotide Blast was performed with other species from Crinoidea in GenBank as the references to query the fragments of mitochondrial genome. Geseq (Tillich et al. Citation 2017 ) and MITOs (Hahn et al. Citation 2013 ) were used for preliminary annotation, and tRNA was annotated by tRNA scan-SE (Lowe and Chan Citation 2016 ). Promachocrinus. Carpenter, 1879 [1] Promachocrinus is a genus of free-swimming, stemless crinoids. It was a monotypic genus, with the only species in the genus being Promachocrinus kerguelensis, until the discovery of four new species, establishment of two others previously described and the transfer of another species to the genus in 2023. [2]May 19, 2018 · Trombonicrinus (col.) hanshessi gen. et sp. nov. is a crinoid species of unusual morphology and is based solely on the stem. It comes from the (probably Lower) Devonian of Tafraoute, Anti Atlas Mountains, Morocco. It is a long crinoid stem of circular section, tapering distally throughout, with a tight curvature through 180º between the mesistele and proxistele; attachment is distally by ... Classis: Crinoidea Subclasses: Articulata – †Aethocrinea – †Camerata – †Cladida – †Disparida – †Flexibilia – ?†Inadunata. Name . Crinoidea J.S.Miller, 1821 References . Ausich, W.I. 1998. Early Phylogeny and Subclass Division of the Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology 72(3) 449–510. 499–510A crinoid is a marine animal of the class Crinoidea. There is only one extant subclass of crinoids, the Articulata, consisting of 540 described species, though ...Although today there are only about 80 species of stalked crinoids and about 460 species of unstalked comatulids, the group has a very rich fossil record dating back to the Ordovician Period, and over 5,000 fossil species (mostly stalked forms) have been described. The stalked crinoids were particularly diverse and abundant during the Paleozoic ...

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The genus Alecto was founded by Lamouroux in 1821 for a group of adherent Polyzoa. In 1814 Leach had used the word Alecto for a genus of Echinoderms; and Mr. Hincks says …Sea lily, any crinoid marine invertebrate animal (class Crinoidea, phylum Echinodermata) in which the adult is fixed to the sea bottom by a stalk. Other crinoids (such as feather stars) resemble sea lilies; however, they lack a stalk and can move from place to place. The sea lily stalk isBioluminescence in echinoderms has been known since the early 19th century. Of the four luminous classes known, Crinoidea is the least studied, with only five bioluminescent species reported. The research conducted during the RV Southern Surveyor 2005 “Mapping benthic ecosystems” and the RV Investigator 2017 “Sampling the Abyss” cruises aimed to systematically sample deep benthic ...Few studies have examined crinoids for cryptic species at a molecular level and these have been predominantly based on mitochondrial data. We employ the nuclear markers 28S rRNA and ITS-2 in ...٢٩‏/٠٦‏/٢٠٢١ ... Catalogue of living crinoids (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from Brazil ... Clark, A.H. (1908a) Descriptions of new species of crinoids, chiefly ...Species Distributions Biodiversity Patterns Biodiversity Policy Policy ... Upper Ordovician xenocrinids (Crinoidea, Camerata) from Scotland. Subscribe to James C. Brower Dyche …Echinoderms, including crinoidea (crinoids, sea lilies, feather stars, and asteroidea), sea stars/starfish, and ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars) ... Part I Pathology of Aquatic Animal Species 1. 1 Aquatic Invertebrates 3 Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Kelly Bateman, Morag Clinton, Leo Foyle, Gregory Lewbart, Richmond Loh, and Julius Tepper.Species diversity refers to the measure of diversity in an ecological community. Species diversity takes into consideration species richness, which is the total number of different species in a community. ….

Feather star, any of the 550 living species of crinoid marine invertebrates (class Crinoidea) of the phylum Echinodermata lacking a stalk. The arms, which have feathery fringes and can be used for swimming, usually number five. Feather stars use their grasping “legs” (called cirri) to perch on. How much does a crinoid weigh? A living crinoid weighs about 27 oz (746 g) . Where as the crinoid fossil weighs about 0.06 oz (1.760 g). What are their male and female names of the species? No, the male and female species of crinoid do not have different names but the class has may species with different common names like sea lilies and feather ... ٠٧‏/١٠‏/٢٠٠٨ ... 25 Stalked Crinoids (Phylum Echiondermata, Class Crinoidea, Sub Class Articulata) Sure we call them sea lilies but they're no pansies.Crinoids are echinoderms related to starfish, sea urchins, and brittle stars. Many crinoid traits are like other members of their phylum. Such traits include tube feet, radial symmetry, a water vascular system, and appendages in multiples of five (pentameral). Most of the Paleozoic crinoid species attached themselves to substrates on the ocean ...Crinoids in São Paulo State, Brazil. Crinoids are echinoderms found in both shallow water and at depths to 9000 m. They may be free living as adults or connected to the substratum by a stalk (sea lilies) or without a stalk (feather stars). Male and female crinoids release gametes into the water and fertilized eggs develop into free-swimming ... Jan 13, 2022 · Because deep-water crinoids regenerate much slower than their shallow-water counterparts (Mladenov, 1983; Syverson et al., 2014; Baumiller and Stevenson, 2018; Veitch and Baumiller, 2021), environmental factors such as temperature may contribute to differences observed between species across the bathymetric gradient. Petalodont shark family ancient species unearthed According to Popular Science, Scientists excavated Strigilodus tollesonae, an ancient species dating back 337 million years, which belongs to...Chapter contents: Echinodermata –– 1. Exclusively Fossil Taxa–– 2. Crinoidea –– 3. Asteroidea –– 4. Ophiuroidea–– 5. Echinoidea ←–– 6. Holothuroidea You can find 3D models of Echinoidea here! This page was written by Jansen Smith and Jaleigh Q. Pier. It was last updated on May 27, 2020.Above image: Photograph of live sea urchins in a touch tank. Image by Jonathan R ... Crinoidea species, Stem Environment The geologists’ tool Fossil crinoids indicate that the rocks containing their remains were formed in a marine environment and, where abundant in Palaeozoic rocks, they suggest the former existence of shallow water conditions., Echinoderms, including crinoidea (crinoids, sea lilies, feather stars, and asteroidea), sea stars/starfish, and ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars) ... Part I Pathology of Aquatic Animal Species 1. 1 Aquatic Invertebrates 3 Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Kelly Bateman, Morag Clinton, Leo Foyle, Gregory Lewbart, Richmond Loh, and Julius Tepper., An analogy would be today's crinoids, which mostly exist as deep water species; in the Paleozoic era, vast 'forests' of crinoids lived in shallow near-shore environments. Some of the genera of trilobites during the Carboniferous and Permian periods include: Archegonus (Early to Middle Carboniferous) Hesslerides (Middle Carboniferous), Hess H, Ausich WI, Brett CE, Simms MJ (1999) Fossil Crinoids. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 275 p. Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI (2011) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas. , Extant echinoderms comprise five well-defined classes: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, and Echinoidea . Their biological behaviors have a great influence on the …, Take the crinoids. These members of the echinoderm family are related to sea stars and sea urchins but are far less famous. There are around 600 living species ..., The species of crinoids here reported were collected from the middle part of the Monos Formation and correspond to columnals first identified by Moore and ..., ١٥‏/٠٦‏/٢٠٠٢ ... ... crinoids) and "feather stars" (for free-swimming crinoids). There are several hundred species of stalked and unstalked crinoids inhabit the ..., ٢٤‏/٠١‏/٢٠٢٣ ... They can also be found on coral reefs, kelp forests, and other areas with a strong current. Crinoids can be divided into two main groups: the ..., Subjects: Atlantic Coast Blake (Ship) Caribbean Sea Crinoidea Geographical distribution Mexico, Gulf of United States. BHL Collections:., crinoid | image by NOAA Ocean Exploration & Research via Flickr | CC BY-SA 2.0. Scientific name: Endoxocrinus parrae. The Endoxocrinus parrae is a specific species of Stalked crinoids that can be found in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean and the western Atlantic Ocean at depths of 650 to 3200 feet. They have stalks averaging between 4 to 9 inches in ..., Chapter contents: Echinodermata –– 1. Exclusively Fossil Taxa–– 2. Crinoidea –– 3. Asteroidea –– 4. Ophiuroidea–– 5. Echinoidea ←–– 6. Holothuroidea You can find 3D models of Echinoidea here! This page was written by Jansen Smith and Jaleigh Q. Pier. It was last updated on May 27, 2020.Above image: Photograph of live sea urchins in a touch tank. Image by Jonathan R ..., Description [modifier | modifier le code] Ce sont des crinoïdes « vrais » (sessiles): ils vivent attachés au fond par une longue tige calcaire articulée. Phylogénie [modifier | modifier le code] Selon World Register of Marine Species (24 mars 2015) : Saracrinus angulatus (P. H. Carpenter, 1884) Saracrinus moosai Améziane, 1997 Saracrinus nobilis (Carpenter, …, Most species of sea feather, however, are largely sedentary, seldom moving far from their chosen place of concealment. Feeding. The modes of feeding vary greatly between the different echinoderm taxa. Crinoids and some brittle stars tend to be passive filter-feeders, enmeshing suspended , Sea lilies (Crinoidea) Crinoids are known as sea lilies because they live on a stem and have a flower-like body. They are analogous to starfish with a stem. Although still existing but uncommon in the oceans today, they were very abundant in shallow tropical seas during the Paleozoic. Some Mississippian rocks contain so many broken-up fossil ..., The genus Alecto was founded by Lamouroux in 1821 for a group of adherent Polyzoa. In 1814 Leach had used the word Alecto for a genus of Echinoderms; and Mr. Hincks says …, Reproduction in five species of crinoids [Himerometra bartschi (A. H. Clark), H. robustipinna (P. H. Carpenter), Cenometra bella (Hartlaub), Colobometra pe., Platycrinitidae are an extinct family of Paleozoic stalked crinoids. [2] These stationary upper-level epifaunal suspension feeders lived during the Devonian, Permian and the Carboniferous periods, from 416.0 to 259.0 Ma. [1] Genera Camptocrinus Neoplatycrinus Platycrinites Pleurocrinus [1] References Paleontology portal, Classifications that include all of the fossil species are somewhat more complex and can include 25 different classes. The five classes of existing echinoderms are these: Crinoidea. Asteroidea. Ophiuroidea. Echinoidea. Holothuroidea. Echinoderm species are generally classified into each of these groups based on their body forms and organization., Crinoidea (Sea Lilies And Feather Stars) is a class of echinoderms. There are 641 species of Sea Lilies And Feather Stars, in 178 genera and 35 families., As a result of this study, we have determined with certainty, the species Heliocrinites rouvillei v. Koenen and Corylocrinus sp., though in this case, it has not been possible to determine the species, since they are interna1 casts, There is also a Crinoid columnar plate, Conspectocrinus celticus Le Menn, attached to one of the specimens., In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome from a 9-arm T. naresi is described, and a phylogenetic tree of T. naresi and other crinoid species is included. Materials and methods The specimen was collected alive from the western Pacific (162°49′43″E, 15°10′46″N, 1318 m depth) and identified as Thaumatocrinus naresi based on its ..., Platycrinitidae are an extinct family of Paleozoic stalked crinoids. [2] These stationary upper-level epifaunal suspension feeders lived during the Devonian, Permian and the Carboniferous periods, from 416.0 to 259.0 Ma. [1] Genera Camptocrinus Neoplatycrinus Platycrinites Pleurocrinus [1] References Paleontology portal, Type species Family Status Age Location Notes Aacocrinus. Bowsher 1955 A. nododorsatus Bowsher, 1955 Actinocrinitidae extinct Mississippian (Toumaisian), Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian) United States, Algeria (p3) Aaglaocrinus (not to be confused with Aglaocrinus Strimple, 1961) Webster 1981 Ethelocrinus expansus Strimple, 1938 Cromyocrinidae extinct, Based on the fossil record of crinoids, especially the details of the plates that made up the arms and calyx, experts have identified hundreds of different crinoid species. Though most crinoids had stems, not all did. Today, stemless crinoids live in a wide range of ocean environments, from shallow to deep, whereas their relatives with stems ... , ٠٣‏/٠٤‏/٢٠١٣ ... • Thy approximate 80 surviving species of stalked crinoids are restricted to depths<br />. greater than 200 m, with the shallowest occurring ..., May 19, 2018 · Trombonicrinus (col.) hanshessi gen. et sp. nov. is a crinoid species of unusual morphology and is based solely on the stem. It comes from the (probably Lower) Devonian of Tafraoute, Anti Atlas Mountains, Morocco. It is a long crinoid stem of circular section, tapering distally throughout, with a tight curvature through 180º between the mesistele and proxistele; attachment is distally by ... , Prokop, R.J. 1986: Spyridiocrinus oehlet eucalyptocrinites goldfuss and perunocrinus new genus crinoidea camerata from the lower devonian of bohemia czechoslovakia Vestnik Ustredniho Ustavu Geologickeho 61(6): 349-360. ... I. 1952: A new species of the genus Tretaspis from the Ordovician of Bohemia SBORNIK USTRED USTAVU Geology …, Crinoids of New York. American Journal of Science and Arts, 25:277-279. MILLER, S. A. 1883. The American Palaezoic Fossils: a catalogue of the genera and species, with names of authors, dates, places of pub­ lication, groups of books in which found, and the etymology and significance of the words, and an introduction devoted to the strati-, Stem, theca and arms of a "true" (stalked) crinoid (family Isselicrinidae ) Oxycomanthus bennetti (comatulid) Tegmen of a Lamprometra palmata. The mouth is located at the center of the 5 feeding grooves, and the anus at the top of the column. Close-up on the cirri that allow comatulids to walk and ... , The diversity of species in a given crinoid habitat is driven by factors such as the amount of sediment suspended in the water, the strength of currents at various levels above sea bottom, the nature of the substrate, presence of predators, etc. Reproduction Crinoid reproduction is understood from study of only a couple of modern crinoids. The, This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. Crinoidea fossils ‎ (21 C, 257 F) Crinoidea illustrations ‎ (4 C, 23 F) Feather stars of South Africa ‎ (2 C) Paleontological publications and works relevant to Crinoidea ‎ (3 C) Predation on Crinoidea ‎ (2 F) Symbiosis with Crinoidea ‎ (2 C, 17 F) Crinoidea anatomy ..., May 1, 2023 · The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide , Zootaxa: Vol. 4268 No. 2: 16 May 2017 MINDI M. SUMMERS, IIN INAYAT AL-HAKIM, GREG W. ROUSE, Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida) , Zootaxa: Vol. 3873 No. 4: 17 Oct. 2014