Minerals of arkansas

The top 10 rockhounding sites for rocks and minerals in Oklahoma: Great Salt Plains – Selenite crystals & halite. Noble – Rose Rocks (barite) Altus – Smoky quartz crystals. Alva – Banded & mossy agates, jasper, chalcedony. Lake Stanley Draper – Rose Rocks (barite) Canadian River – Agate, jasper, petrified wood. Antlers – Green ...

Minerals of arkansas. By Christine Wilkerson. Moqui marbles are small, brownish-black balls composed of iron oxide and sandstone that formed underground when iron minerals precipitated from flowing groundwater. They occur in many places in southern Utah either embedded in or gathered loosely into “puddles” on the ground near outcrops of Jurassic age Navajo ...

Learn more ». Information on industrial mineral resources in Arkansas, such as rock (limestone, dolostone, and sandstone), gravel, sand, several varieties of clay, bromine (brine), diamond, gypsum, novaculite, syenite, and tripoli.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.a9c6ddc4bda06510.css">General Geology Rocks are generally placed into 1 of 3 major categories: igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary. Igneous rocks have solidified from molten or partly molten mineral matter.The four minerals above are the most common rocks you’ll find when rock collecting in Arkansas. But, of course, there are plenty of other kinds of rocks and minerals you can find in the state. Some include agate, amethyst, jasper, and petrified wood. You might also like: Tips For Agate Hunting In Louisiana; Tips For Emerald Hunting In Alabama Real Property Transfer Tax applies to transferring ownership of mineral rights. If after purchasing a Real Estate Transfer Document, you discover that the transaction information is incorrect, please contact the Miscellaneous Tax Section to have a corrected stamp created. ... AR Code Ann. §26-60-101 et seq. Forms. Title: Posted: …Rutile - Hot Spring Co., Former collections of Marion Godshaw, Scott J. Williams, Sammlung Weinberger, 2.2cm x 3.5cm Wavellite - 6.5cm x 5.5cm Cinnabar - Former collection of Marion …Minerals of Arkansas. 129 Watkins Ln Mount Ida, AR 71957 United States. Get Directions. 530-941-2471 (Mobile) [email protected] (Main) Return to the Directory Listings. A group to share pictures and information relating to the beautiful rocks and minerals of Arkansas.

www.geology.ar.govMany springs produce fresh water, perfect for drinking. Some springs have a high mineral content, a result of the water dissolving the rock it passes through. For instance, limestone dissolves into calcium carbonate while dolomite dissolves into calcium magnesium carbonate. Minerals can color and flavor the water or, like sulphur, make it smell ...A group to share pictures and information relating to the beautiful rocks and minerals of Arkansas.Area code. 501. FIPS code. 05-43430. Magnet Cove is a census-designated place (CDP) [3] and former town in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, United States. [4] It is located in the Ouachita Mountains southeast of Hot Springs, on Arkansas Highway 51 north of U.S. Highway 270. As of the 2020 census, the town of Magnet Cove had a population of 692.Minerals of Arkansas. 129 Watkins Ln. Mount Ida, AR 71957 United States. Get Directions. 530-941-2471 (Mobile) [email protected] (Main) Return to the Directory Listings. There …

The AcreValue Arkansas plat map, sourced from Arkansas tax assessors, indicates the property boundaries for each parcel of land, with information about the landowner, the parcel number, and the total acres. Nearby States: Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas . View free online plat map for Arkansas.Historic Mining Records (USGS) Arkansas has 1,053 identified mines listed in The Diggings™. The most commonly listed primary commodities in Arkansas mines are Zinc , Manganese , and Lead . At the time these mines were surveyed, 269 mines in Arkansas were observed to have ore mineralization in an outcrop, shallow pit, or isolated drill hole ...What gems and minerals are found in Arkansas? Arkansas has within its borders several stones or materials which, by popular definition, are considered gemstones. They are: amber, diamond, onyx , pearls, (fresh water), quartz (several varieties), and turquoise. In 1995, Arkansas ranked 3rd in the nation in value of gemstones produced ($4.89 ...Arkansas Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Missouri Pac. R. Co. v. Strohacker.6 That case involved 1892 and 1893 reservations of “all coal and mineral deposits” by a railroad to which the lands had been patented shortly after Arkansas became a state. The oil and gas potential of the patented lands was unknown when those reservations ...Park staff provide complimentary identification of rocks and minerals found at the park, as well as diamond mining demonstrations and other interpretive programs. More than 35,000 diamonds have been found by park visitors since the Crater of Diamonds became an Arkansas state park in 1972. Park staff provide complimentary identification of rocks and minerals found at the park, as well as diamond mining demonstrations and other interpretive programs. More than 35,000 diamonds have been found by park visitors since the Crater of Diamonds became an Arkansas state park in 1972.

Translate to find out quejarse tratar de construir averiguar.

Rocks, Minerals, and Gemstones Found in Arkansas. 1. Quartz. If there’s one thing that Arkansas is famous for, at least among rockhounds, it’s the crystals that are pulled from the earth regularly. The industry regularly produces incredible specimens in enormous sizes. The only rival to their incredible production is in Brazil.The AcreValue Arkansas plat map, sourced from Arkansas tax assessors, indicates the property boundaries for each parcel of land, with information about the landowner, the parcel number, and the total acres. Nearby States: Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas . View free online plat map for Arkansas.Updated September 21, 2023. An Arkansas quitclaim deed is a form that is used to transfer property from a seller to a purchaser without any warranty on the title. This type of deed only transfers the interest that the seller owns which may be no interest at all or clear title to the property. The seller is merely stating that he or she is ...A magnet can be defined as a rock that attracts other magnets or as a material that possesses magnetic properties. Obsidian, hematite, basalt, tiger eye quartz, magnetite, granite, nickel, and onyx. However, there are other rocks that have weaker properties of magnetism, such as ilmenite, franklinite, ferberite, columbite, chromite, and ...

Here’s what you need to know about the 15 most dangerous minerals that you could encounter: 1. Blue Asbestos. Many experts feel that this mineral is the most dangerous in the world. While asbestos has numerous potential uses, it can cause serious damage to the lungs, which is called asbestosis.The Arkansas Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Search / Map catalogs information for over 40 mineral resources. Using the interactive map, users …January 23, 2019. Dr. Robert Blanz. Associate Director Office of Water Quality. Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality. 5301 Northshore Drive.Shepard, C.U. (1846) On three new mineral species from Arkansas, and the discovery of the diamond in North Carolina. American Journal of Science and Arts: 52: 249-254. Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507.The Kellogg Mine included Arkansas’s deepest mine shaft (1,125 feet deep) by 1940 when mining there ceased. The Arkansas legislature in 1857 authorized a geological survey of the state. Newly appointed state geologist David Dale Owen conducted a reconnaissance of northern Arkansas in 1857–1858, which located numerous indications of lead and ...Mineral, naturally occurring homogeneous solid with a definite chemical composition and a highly ordered atomic arrangement. Usually formed by inorganic processes, there are several thousand known mineral species, about 100 of which constitute the major mineral components of rocks.The AcreValue Arkansas plat map, sourced from Arkansas tax assessors, indicates the property boundaries for each parcel of land, with information about the landowner, the parcel number, and the total acres. Nearby States: Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas . View free online plat map for Arkansas.Park staff provide complimentary identification of rocks and minerals found at the park, as well as diamond mining demonstrations and other interpretive programs. More than 35,000 diamonds have been found by park visitors since the Crater of Diamonds became an Arkansas state park in 1972.4 thg 4, 2022 ... Woolpert Contracted by USGS to Conduct Geophysical Surveys Related to Critical Minerals, Energy Research, Hazard Assessments in Arkansas.Aug 17, 2023 · Over 300 different minerals are found in Arkansas, either as discrete deposits or as the mineral grains making up the rocks themselves. Only a handful of these minerals are common. The bedrock of the Ozark Plateau portion of Arkansas is made up of sedimentary rocks. Aug 9, 2023 · Fortunately, Arkansas is home to a vibrant rockhounding community and boasts of a variety of excellent shops that cater to rock and mineral enthusiasts, such as the following: AHW Gems and Minerals – 10332 AR-265, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Coleman’s Rocks-R-Gems – 1400 E Grand Ave, Hot Springs, AR 71901.

A group to share pictures and information relating to the beautiful rocks and minerals of Arkansas.

In addition to rock crystal, Arkansas produces other quartz gem materials including agate, amethyst, chert, jasper, opal, petrified wood, novaculite, and smoky quartz. These are cut into faceted stones or cabochons …The Lost Louisiana Mine is an American legend about buried Spanish treasure that has been sought since the Victorian era, primarily in Arkansas’s Ouachita and Ozark mountains regions. The legend’s core narrative is that a Spanish expedition concealed a rich gold mine in the wilderness of Spain’s Luisiana colony (hence the name), and in ...Gemstone. As defined here, a gem is any jewel, whether stone or pearl, having value and beauty that are intrinsic. A gemstone or gem material is a stone or material from which a gem may be cut. Gems are used for personal adornment, display, or in manufactured objects of art because they possess beauty, rarity, and durability. Arkansas is a great place to be either a geologist or a rockhound (or both) because the interesting rock formations of our place gave rise to the minerals here! A Few Geology Illustrations T HE CRUST OF the earth is in slow motion action, constantly being stretched or squeezed.The Best Things to Do in Hot Springs National Park. 1) Visit the Fordyce Bathhouse Visitor Center. 2) Walk the Bathhouse Row. 3) Grab a Drink at Superior Bathhouse Brewery – The Only Brewery Inside a US National Park. 4) Wander Around the Garvan Woodland Gardens. 5) Enjoy the Views from the Hot Springs Mountain Tower.Novaculite (Silica Stone) Novaculite is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of cryptocrystalline (1-5 micron) quartz and is a recrystallized variety of chert. It is dense, hard, white to grayish-black in color, translucent on thin edges, and has a dull to waxy luster. It typically breaks with a smooth conchoidal (shell-like) fracture.The Lost Louisiana Mine is an American legend about buried Spanish treasure that has been sought since the Victorian era, primarily in Arkansas’s Ouachita and Ozark mountains regions. The legend’s core narrative is that a Spanish expedition concealed a rich gold mine in the wilderness of Spain’s Luisiana colony (hence the name), and in ...A group to share pictures and information relating to the beautiful rocks and minerals of Arkansas.Dec 23, 2019 · At a mineral and gem show in Tucson, Ariz., some years back, Zigras asked an Arkansas vendor why no one ever brought wavellite, a mineral that grows in green and yellow spheres, to the show.

Claiming full exemption from federal tax withholding.

Eon in geology.

Attractive pink dolomite (the featured specimen came from a zinc mine near Rush in Marion County) samples can be collected in many of the old underground workings in north Arkansas. For additional information, read: Smith, A. E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals, a reference and a guide: L. R. Ream Publishing Co., 149 p.Activity that involves digging with hand tools or mechanized earth-moving equipment, including bobcats, suction dredges, ‘high banking’ or dry washing equipment. Commercial activities including collecting mineral or fossil specimens for re-sale. Removal of more than insignificant amounts [1] of landscape rock.The word artesian comes from the town of Artois in France, the old Roman city of Artesium, where the best known flowing artesian wells were drilled in the Middle Ages. The level to which water will rise in tightly cased wells in artesian aquifers is called the potentiometric surface. Deep wells drilled into rock to intersect the water table and ...Oct 10, 2023 · These crystals have been used to make oscillators for radios, computer chips, and clocks. Quartz crystals are also valued for their beauty as mineral specimens and gemstones. In 1967, the General Assembly adopted the quartz crystal as the Arkansas State Mineral. History of Quartz in Arkansas In at least 12 states, including Arkansas, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas and Wyoming, The Times identified Chinese-owned or -operated Bitcoin mines that together use as much energy as 1.5 ...Rockhounding Arkansas, what a great idea! Arkansas provides a bounty of minerals, gems, and rocks for any enthusiast rock collectors to hunt for and experience. As a result, this state is one of the more quietly popular locations for rockhounding in the United States.There are over 300 minerals known from Arkansas. Minerals Unique to Arkansas. Arkansas has been blessed with enough variety of minerals to keep collectors and mineralogists busy for many years. Some 10 minerals, new to science, have been recovered by collectors, researched and described by mineralogists, and published in the literature.Assessing the mineral resources of the United States represents a core function of the Energy and Minerals Mission Area since the inception of the U.S. Geological Survey under the Organic Act of 1879. As reaffirmed by the Energy Policy Act of 2020, assessment of identified and undiscovered resources of critical mineral commodities continues to ...May 5, 2021 · Officially, this cool little place is known as Crater of Diamonds State Park, a 911-acre, teardrop-shaped bundle of land two miles south of Murfreesboro, Arkansas, population 1,641. It is 232 miles from Dallas to the southwest, and 240 to Memphis in the northeast. The park has walking trails and 47 campsites and a gift shop selling souvenir ... In Arkansas, lenders are given certain rights to ensure they continue to receive payments. One major right lenders are granted is the ability to take back any goods that have a loan in default, according to Credit Info Center. A loan defaul...Minerals of Arkansas, Mount Ida, AR. 11 likes. Wholesale Rare Rocks and Minerals ….

Updated September 21, 2023. An Arkansas quitclaim deed is a form that is used to transfer property from a seller to a purchaser without any warranty on the title. This type of deed only transfers the interest that the seller owns which may be no interest at all or clear title to the property. The seller is merely stating that he or she is ...Fee mining sites are places where you can pay a fee to dig for rocks, minerals, gold or gemstones and keep whatever you find. There are many places in the United States where you can pan for gold and have a reasonable chance of finding some. There are also places where you can find ruby, sapphire, opal and many other gemstones. In the Ouachita Mountains, small deposits of copper minerals are found in some quartz veins, usually in association with lead, zinc, or antimony mineralization. All known deposits of copper minerals in Arkansas are small and uneconomic. In 1900, a small amount of copper was refined from malachite-bearing ore recovered from surface residuum at ... The History of Arkansas Brine Development • Arkansas’ brine business was born from its oil industry – The Smackover Limestone Formation • Gushed 0il during early ArkLaTex boom • Mostly self-destructed from over -production • Poster-child of why fugacious mineral production must be regulated. – The Serendipity Minerals of Arkansas 129 Watkins Ln Mount Ida, AR 71957 United States Get Directions 530-941-2471 (Mobile) [email protected] (Main) Return to the Directory Listings There are many things to do and see in the Mount Ida Area and all around Montgomery County.Apr 18, 2022 · Mining. Mining is defined as the extraction of valuable minerals or stone (mineral resources) from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein, or bed. Materials mined in Arkansas include base metals, iron, vanadium, coal, diamonds, crushed and dimension stone, barite, tripoli, quartz crystal, gypsum, chalk, and bauxite. Attractive pink dolomite (the featured specimen came from a zinc mine near Rush in Marion County) samples can be collected in many of the old underground workings in north Arkansas. For additional information, read: Smith, A. E., Jr., 1996, Collecting Arkansas Minerals, a reference and a guide: L. R. Ream Publishing Co., 149 p.Arkansas Lakes, Rivers and Water Resources. Arkansas Lakes Shown on the Map: Beaver Lake, Bull Shoals Reservoir, Dardanelle Reservoir, DeGray Lake, Greens Ferry Lake, Lake Erling, Lake Greeson, Lake Hamilton, Lake Jack Lee, Lake Maumelle, Lake Ouachita, Millwood Reservoir and Norfork Lake.(1973) "Dry Matter and Minerals in Loblolly Pine Plantation on Four Arkansas Soils," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 27 , Article 8 ... Minerals of arkansas, Official State Mineral aka: Quartz Crystal On February 22, 1967, Governor Winthrop Rockefeller signed Act 128, an omnibus measure designating quartz crystal the state mineral, diamond the state gem, and bauxite the state rock., May 22, 2022 · Minerals of Arkansas, 129 Watkins Lane, Mount Ida; 501-620-9178. Jay’s Bonanza, 1024 U.S. 270, Mount Ida; 870-681-0145; offers panning for gems and gold. , Sand along the Arkansas River is regularly dredged from the floodplain. The production of sand (and gravel) is an important industry in the state, and sand pits are common along the entire length of the river. Gypsum. A common mineral in Kansas, gypsum is made up of calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O)., We provide rock and mineral packets to teachers and the general public, participate in the state teachers’ conference once a year, and answer questions for the public on a daily basis. If you would like to make arrangements for a speaker to come to your school please contact the AGS main office by phone at 501-296-1877 or by email at osg ..., Fortunately, Arkansas is home to a vibrant rockhounding community and boasts of a variety of excellent shops that cater to rock and mineral enthusiasts, such as the following: AHW Gems and Minerals – 10332 AR-265, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Coleman’s Rocks-R-Gems – 1400 E Grand Ave, Hot Springs, AR 71901., Minerals is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of natural mineral systems, mineral resources, mining, and mineral processing. Minerals is published monthly online by MDPI.. Open Access — free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.; High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE …, Here’s what you need to know about the 15 most dangerous minerals that you could encounter: 1. Blue Asbestos. Many experts feel that this mineral is the most dangerous in the world. While asbestos has numerous potential uses, it can cause serious damage to the lungs, which is called asbestosis., Data Preservation. Grant Year. 2019 - 2020. Grant Subject Matter. Critical Minerals. General Description. This Data Preservation Grant of Critical Minerals contains: Figures showing know locations of critical mineral occurrences in the state. Figures highlight antimony, barite, bauxite, lithium, manganese, strontium, titanium and igneous complexes., Crater of Diamonds State Park is a 911-acre (369 ha) Arkansas state park in Pike County, Arkansas, in the United States.The park features a 37.5-acre (15.2-hectare) plowed field, one of the few diamond-bearing site accessible to the public.Diamonds have continuously been discovered in the field since 1906, including the graded-perfect Strawn-Wagner …, trace (micro) minerals. Major minerals are reported as a percentage of the diet. The major minerals include sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, phos-phorus, magnesium and sulfur. Trace minerals are required at much lower levels than the major minerals but are just as essential. Trace minerals are commonly reported as parts per million (ppm). , Discovery and Production. Bauxite in Arkansas was described in 1842 by Dr. W. Byrd Powell, who noted the peculiar character of this rock in Fourche Cove, now the Granite Mountain area of Pulaski County, but did not recognize its true nature. Bauxite was first mined in Arkansas as an ore of metallic aluminum in 1896, only nine years after …, Mineral Composition of Diabase. Diabase typically has a mineral composition that is dominated by the plagioclase feldspar known as labradorite (approximately 40% to 70% of the rock). Most of the remainder is made up of pyroxene minerals (usually augite). Minor amounts of hornblende, olivine, magnetite, and quartz can be found in some diabase rocks., (Arkansas is the world’s second largest producer of bromine). That same bromine rich brine has commercial lithium concentrations. Standard Lithium has developed a fully integrated, start to finish, Direct Lithium Extraction …, Fee mining sites are places where you can pay a fee to dig for rocks, minerals, gold or gemstones and keep whatever you find. There are many places in the United States where you can pan for gold and have a reasonable chance of finding some. There are also places where you can find ruby, sapphire, opal and many other gemstones., Web Soil Survey (WSS) provides soil data and information produced by the National Cooperative Soil Survey. It is operated by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and provides access to the largest natural resource information system in the world. NRCS has soil maps and data available online for more …, On February 22, 1967, Governor Winthrop Rockefeller signed Act 128, an omnibus measure designating quartz crystal the state mineral, diamond the state gem, and bauxite the state rock. The measure was introduced in the Senate by Robert Harvey, J. Hugh Lookadoo, and Olen Hendrix, apparently as a favor to Arkansas rocks and minerals collectors and ..., The minerals deposited may vary, but in Kansas most geodes consist mostly of quartz, chalcedony, and calcite. They can be found in many places in the Flint Hills region: near the town of Rock, along the Walnut River in Cowley County; north of the town of Douglass in Butler County; and in Riley, Marshall, and Chase counties. Kimberlites., to mineral conveyances and recommend, for example, Professor Kramer's comprehensive analysis. Bruce M. Kramer, The Sisyphean Task of Interpreting Mineral Deeds and Leases: An Encyclopedia of Canons of Construction, 24 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 1 (1993). Discussion of some of the more frequent sources of, Mineral. Magnet Cove, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, USA : The ring dike igneous complex has a core of ijolite and carbonatite, an intermediate ring of trachyte and phonolite, an outer ring of nepheline syenites, and two masses of jacupirangite, one on the ... , Real Property Transfer Tax applies to transferring ownership of mineral rights. If after purchasing a Real Estate Transfer Document, you discover that the transaction information is incorrect, please contact the Miscellaneous Tax Section to have a corrected stamp created. ... AR Code Ann. §26-60-101 et seq. Forms. Title: Posted: …, The Best Things to Do in Hot Springs National Park. 1) Visit the Fordyce Bathhouse Visitor Center. 2) Walk the Bathhouse Row. 3) Grab a Drink at Superior Bathhouse Brewery – The Only Brewery Inside a US National Park. 4) Wander Around the Garvan Woodland Gardens. 5) Enjoy the Views from the Hot Springs Mountain Tower., Ron Coleman Mining has been the premiere destination for hands-on quartz crystal digging, mineral decor and gifts for 30 years. Families and visitors come from all over the country to visit our mine located at 211 Crystal Ridge Ln, Jessieville, Arkansas. There are few activities more fun than digging your own quartz crystals., This data release provides the descriptions of approximately 20 U.S. sites that include mineral regions, mines, and mineral occurrences (deposits and prospects) that contain enrichments of lithium (Li). This release includes sites that have a contained resource and (or) past production of lithium metal greater than 15,000 metric tons., Shepard, C.U. (1846) On three new mineral species from Arkansas, and the discovery of the diamond in North Carolina. American Journal of Science and Arts: 52: 249-254. Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507., All mineral specimens are photographed in-house to display their natural beauty. Other than background enhancement or removing dust, we do not alter the photos. Please contact us for any questions you might have, or simply give us a call at (847) 866-7374. Dave's Rock Shop carries a range of mineral rocks, from Gold to Quartz, Diamonds to Amber ..., Find out how much you'll pay in Arkansas state income taxes given your annual income. Customize using your filing status, deductions, exemptions and more. Calculators Helpful Guides Compare Rates Lender Reviews Calculators Helpful Guides Le..., A group to share pictures and information relating to the beautiful rocks and minerals of Arkansas., Many minerals contain antimony (Sb), a soft white metal with a low melting point. However, stibnite and antimonial lead ores are the main sources of the metal. Stibnite (Sb2S3) and stibiconite (Sb3+Sb25+O6(OH)) were the only minerals mined in Arkansas for this metal. Stibnite is steel-gray, has a relatively high specific gravity (4.6), a ..., In addition to rock crystal, Arkansas produces other quartz gem materials including agate, amethyst, chert, jasper, opal, petrified wood, novaculite, and smoky quartz. These are cut into faceted stones or cabochons …, Historic Mining Records (USGS) Arkansas has 1,053 identified mines listed in The Diggings™. The most commonly listed primary commodities in Arkansas mines are Zinc , Manganese , and Lead . At the time these mines were surveyed, 269 mines in Arkansas were observed to have ore mineralization in an outcrop, shallow pit, or isolated drill hole ... , Soaking in hot springs can be a great way to naturally detox your skin. Thanks to the high amount of silica in the water, it can also soften rough or dry skin. Plus, the mineral content of sulfur springs has been shown to help persisting skin conditions like psoriasis, acne and eczema. In fact, the treatment of ailments with hot sulfur water ..., Minerals of Arkansas. 129 Watkins Ln Mount Ida, AR 71957 United States. Get Directions. 530-941-2471 (Mobile) [email protected] (Main) Return to the Directory Listings. , Zinc & Lead. Zinc (Zn) is a bluish-white lustrous metal that is brittle at room temperature, but malleable when heated. Information on metallic mineral resources in Arkansas, such as aluminum, lead, zinc, antimony, gold, molybdenum, nickel, niobium (columbium), the rare earth metals, thorium, uranium and others.