Midband gain

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4.3.3 Midband gain: It is defined as the band of frequencies between 10 f 1 and 0.1 f 2. It is denoted as midband gain or A mid. The voltage gain of the amplifier outside the midband is approximately given as, In midband, Midband: Below the midband, As a result, the equation becomes, Below midband: Above midband, As a result, the equation becomes,(a) Draw the low-frequency equivalent circuit for the common-gate amplifier as shown. (b) Write an expression for the transfer function of the amplifier and identify the location of the two low-frequency poles and two low-frequency zeros. Assume ro = ∞ and gm = 4 mS. (c) What are the lower-cutoff frequency and midband gain of the amplifier?4.3.3 Midband gain: It is defined as the band of frequencies between 10 f 1 and 0.1 f 2. It is denoted as midband gain or A mid. The voltage gain of the amplifier outside the midband is approximately given as, In midband, Midband: Below the midband, As a result, the equation becomes, Below midband: Above midband, As a result, the equation becomes,Here are the captial gains tax rules for roth IRAs and what you can do to limit your overall potential tax liability. When you’re saving for retirement, there are a variety of accounts you could use. The Roth IRA, or individual retirement a...4.3.3 Midband gain: It is defined as the band of frequencies between 10 f 1 and 0.1 f 2. It is denoted as midband gain or A mid. The voltage gain of the amplifier outside the midband is approximately given as, In midband, Midband: Below the midband, As a result, the equation becomes, Below midband: Above midband, As a result, the equation becomes, Expert Answer. (5 pts) The amplifier shown below has a midband voltage gain ∣∣ vivL ∣∣ equal to 180 a) Calculate the lower cutoff frequency f L due to the input coupling capacitor. b) Calculate the frequency f at which phase shift of ∣∣ vSvL ∣∣ is 80∘. c) Calculate the overall voltage gain ∣∣ vSvL ∣∣ at a frequency f ...

Market Rally Gains Some 'Credibility' and May Have Further to Go As we close out another busy week for the market, a continuing theme has been how a select number of big-cap technology stocks are driving the indexes higher. All the ...37. Draw the gain Bode plot for the circuit of Problem 36. 38. What are the maximum and minimum phase shifts across the entire frequency spectrum for the circuit of Problem 36? 39. A noninverting DC amplifier has a midband gain of 36 dB, and lag networks at 100 kHz, 750 kHz, and 1.2 MHz. Draw its gain Bode plot. 40. Electrical Engineering questions and answers. a. Determine VGSQ and IDQ b. Find gm0 and gm c. Calculate the midband gain Av = Vo/Vi d. Determine Zi e. Calculate Avs = Vo/Vs f. Determine fLG, fLC, fLS, fHi, and fHo g. Determine the low and high cutoff frequency h. Calculate the Bandwidth.Find the input resistance R in and the midband gain A M . If C C 1 = C C 2 = 1 μ F and C E = 20 μ F, find the three short-circuit time constants and an estimate for f L Figure 10.41 (a) A discrete-circuit common-emitter amplifier.Find the input resistance R in and the midband gain A M . If C C 1 = C C 2 = 1 μ F and C E = 20 μ F, find the three short-circuit time constants and an estimate for f L Figure 10.41 (a) A discrete-circuit common-emitter amplifier. Index 22 gives the midband dB gain for Cascode vm(3)=47.5dB and Common-emitter vm(13)=45.4dB. Out of many printed lines, Index 33 was the closest to being 3dB down …Provide such a design for the case in which the midband gain is $12 \mathrm{dB}$ and the 3 -dB bandwidth extends from $100 \mathrm{Hz}$ to $10 \mathrm{kHz}$. Select appropriate component values under the constraint that no resistors higher than $100 \mathrm{k} \Omega$ are to be used and that the input resistance is to be as high as possible.

The gain value in this region is known as the midband gain. In purely passive circuits this value may be fractional (i.e., a negative dB value). At either extreme of the midband region, the gain begins to decrease. The gain plot shows two important frequencies, \(f_1\) and \(f_2\). \(f_1\) is the lower break frequency while \(f_2\) is the upper ...It employs Rc = 20 kN, RB = 200 kN, and operates between a 20-kN source and 10-k2 load. The transistor ß = 100, fr = 1 GHz, and Cu = 0.5 pF. (a) Determine the midband gain Am (b) Select Cg first, for a minimum value specified to one significant digit and providing up to 80% of f1 where f. is to be 100 Hz.Also, what is midband voltage gain? Solve for V. The transistor’s midband gain is the transistor’s gain at its mid frequencies, and the midband gain is where the transistor’s gain in its bandwidth is at its highest and most constant level. The gain of the signal gradually increases as the frequency rises. Index 22 gives the midband dB gain for Cascode vm(3)=47.5dB and Common-emitter vm(13)=45.4dB. Out of many printed lines, Index 33 was the closest to being 3dB down …

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This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: High-Pass Filters 10.101. Find the midband gain in dB and the upper cutoff frequency for the high-pass …37. Draw the gain Bode plot for the circuit of Problem 36. 38. What are the maximum and minimum phase shifts across the entire frequency spectrum for the circuit of Problem 36? 39. A noninverting DC amplifier has a midband gain of 36 dB, and lag networks at 100 kHz, 750 kHz, and 1.2 MHz. Draw its gain Bode plot. 40.37. Draw the gain Bode plot for the circuit of Problem 36. 38. What are the maximum and minimum phase shifts across the entire frequency spectrum for the circuit of Problem 36? 39. A noninverting DC amplifier has a midband gain of 36 dB, and lag networks at 100 kHz, 750 kHz, and 1.2 MHz. Draw its gain Bode plot. 40.The gain within the bandwidth is sometimes referred to as the midband gain. For signals with frequencies less than ω L()f L , the amplifier gain will be less than the midband gain—likewise for frequencies greater than ω H(f H). ω A(ω) ω L ω H 200 The midband voltage gain is found to be +20.57 dB, and the 3-dB frequency is located very near to 100 Hz. The magnitude response of the JFET amplifier shown in Fig. 8.9 does not have a simple one-pole response - instead, the magnitude response increases at a rate of +40 dB/dec for low frequencies, much like a two-pole response.

Volunteering is an excellent way to give back to your community, gain valuable experience, and make a difference in the world. But how do you go about finding volunteer jobs near you? Here are some tips to help you get started.The formula to calculate the Midband Gain, A M, of a transistor circuit is: However, in order to calculate this midband gain, complete AC analysis must be done. Below is a transistor circuit which we will find the midband gain for: …As? for A0-350,990, W1 =3, w 2-380 and w 3 =15,232 determine the midband gain Amid in dB A(S) = (s +w;)(s + wy)(s+w) This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading.The main objectiveis to find amplifier voltage gain as a transfer function of the complex frequency s. In this s-domain analysis • a capacitance С is replaced by an admittance sC, or equivalently an impedance 1/sC, and • an inductance L is replaced by an impedance sL. Individual retirement accounts offer tax benefits, including tax-sheltered growth, for your retirement savings. You can contribute stock gains -- or any other source of money -- but, if stock gains are your only source of income, you are no...If Av > 1 ÆdB gain is positive. If Av < 1ÆdB gain is negative (attenuation). Example: Express each of the following ratios in dB: solution 10-2: The Decibel 0 dB Reference Many amplifiers exhibit a maximum gain (often called midrange gain A v(mid)), over a certain range of frequencies and a reduced gain at frequencies below and above this range. \$\begingroup\$ yes, i ran multiple simulations with added capacitance. additional capacitance to ground in a reasonable range (few pF) at opamp inputs wouldn't result in a gain reduction in passband. i could lower the gain by adding a capacitor from opamp output to inverting input, parallel to the feedback resistor. some circuits, like the ...A capacitively-coupled amplifier has a midband gain of 100, a single high-frequency pole at 10 kHz, and a single low-frequency pole at 100 Hz. Negative feedback is employed so that the midband gain is reduced to 10. The upper 3 dB frequency of the closed loop system isExpert Answer. (5 pts) The amplifier shown below has a midband voltage gain ∣∣ vivL ∣∣ equal to 180 a) Calculate the lower cutoff frequency f L due to the input coupling capacitor. b) Calculate the frequency f at which phase shift of ∣∣ vSvL ∣∣ is 80∘. c) Calculate the overall voltage gain ∣∣ vSvL ∣∣ at a frequency f ...Bf = 100; % current gain, A/A Af = Bf/(Bf+1); Vt = 0.026; % thermal voltage @ room temp. % DC bias Vb = R1*Vcc/(R1+R2) Ve = Vb-Vbeon Ie = Ve/(Re1+Re2);DMSO has been around for a while, but it’s only recently started to gain popularity as a medical treatment. This industrial compound shows promise in treating a variety of health and medical conditions. Find out how to use DMSO and what con...The gain–bandwidth product for an amplifier is the product of the amplifier's bandwidth and the gain at which the bandwidth is measured.

Expert Answer. Transcribed image text: IV. A common emitter amplifier is designed to provide a particular midband gain and a particular bandwidth using device A from the Table. Assume IcQ = 1mA. Investigate the effect on midband gain and bandwidth if device B and Care inserted into the circuit.

What is the midband gain of the filter in decibels? Note that IL is insertion loss. What is the midband noise figure of the filter? The amplifier has a gain \(G_{1} = 20\text{ dB}\) and a noise figure of \(2\text{ dB}\). What is the overall gain of the cascade system in the middle of the band? Express your answer in decibels.Electrical Engineering questions and answers. For the amplifier shown in Figure 6. determine: - The operating point of the amplifier - The overall voltage gain in dB - The input and output impedance Write the expression for v_c (t) when a mV is applied to the amplifier. Assume the amplifier is working in the midband frequency range.The midband gain is the most important region of transistor amplification. This is because this is the region of frequencies where a transistor produces a constant and high level of gain. When a transistor is rated for its gain or amplification factor, it is the midband region that this is referring to. For the JFET amplifier of the following figure: 1) Determine Vcse and IDQ. . 2) Find gm0 and gm. 3) Calculate the midband gain of Ar=Ve/Vi. 4) Determine Zi. . 5) Calculate Avv=V0/Vs. 6) Determine fi.g, fLC, and fL. . 7) Determine the low-cutoff frequency. 8) Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by part 6), and sketch the low-frequency ... The Voltage Gain. Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the magnitude of an input signal, it is useful to be able to rate an amplifier’s amplifying ability in terms of an output/input ratio. The technical term for an amplifier’s output/input magnitude ratio is gain.As a ratio of equal units (power out / power in, voltage out / voltage in, or current out / current in), …For the network of Fig. 9.88: a. Determine VGse and IDQ b. Find gm0 and gm. c. Calculate the midband gain of Av=Vo/Vi. d. Determine Zi. e. Calculate Avs=Vo/Vs. f. Determine fLG,fLC and fLS. g. Determine the low-cutoff frequency. h. Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by part (f). i. Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier ...Learning a new language can be an incredibly rewarding experience, both personally and professionally. It can open up new opportunities, help you to better understand different cultures, and even give you a competitive edge in the job marke...

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The midband gain, \\(A_m\\) , is obtained from the midband equivalent circuit of the common-source amplifier. This is shown in Figure 2. The equivalent circuit is obtained by short-circuiting all the external capacitors and opencircuiting all the internal capacitances of …An active band pass filter that has a voltage gain Av of one (1) and a resonant frequency, ƒr of 1kHz is constructed using an infinite gain multiple feedback filter circuit. Calculate the values of the components required to implement the circuit. Firstly, we can determine the values of the two resistors, R1 and R2 required for the active ...37. Draw the gain Bode plot for the circuit of Problem 36. 38. What are the maximum and minimum phase shifts across the entire frequency spectrum for the circuit of Problem 36? 39. A noninverting DC amplifier has a midband gain of 36 dB, and lag networks at 100 kHz, 750 kHz, and 1.2 MHz. Draw its gain Bode plot. 40.The formula for calculating the high cutoff frequency is, frequency= 1/2πR 2 C2. So all frequencies between the low cutoff frequecny and the high cutoff frequency are the passband of the bandpass filter. The gain of the circuit is …Feb 8, 2021 · This video shows how the midband gain of the amplifiers are calculated.Common Emitter (bypassed emitter) 01:15Common emitter (split emitter) 06:20Common base... Question: Q6 (10pts.): Extract an estimation of the transfer function that was used to create the step response shown belovw 1.0V 0.9V 0.8V 0.7V 0.6V 0.5V 0.4V 0.3V 0.2V 0.1V 0.0V 0ms 1ms 2ms 3ms 4ms 5ms 1. What kind of filter is it? 2. Can the filter be a 1'st order? 3. Can it be 2'nd order 4. What is the DC, AC, or Midband gain? 5. What is t?This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: 1. The amplifier in Fig. 1 is biased to operate at gm-2mA/V. Neglecting ro, find the midband gain. Find the value of Cs that places fi at 20Hz.the gain of the active device. • In the frequency response, there is a band of frequencies in which the magnitude of the gain is either equal or relatively close to the midband value. • To fix the frequency boundaries of relatively high gain, 0.707AVmid is chosen to be the gain at the cutoff levels. www.getmyuni.com ….

The midband gain is approximately 26 dB, yielding an ordinary gain of 20 as desired. The lower end of the frequency response begins to roll off below 200 Hz, reaching approximately 23 dB (i.e., 3 dB down) at the target frequency of 100 Hz.May 22, 2022 · The midband gain is approximately 26 dB, yielding an ordinary gain of 20 as desired. The lower end of the frequency response begins to roll off below 200 Hz, reaching approximately 23 dB (i.e., 3 dB down) at the target frequency of 100 Hz. closed-loop gain . If the loop gain is much greater than unity find an approximate expression for Af. neglect r o2. Example #6 A=1000 V/V exhibits a gain change of 10% as the operating C. If it is required to constrain the change to 0.1% by applying -loop gain possible? If three of these feedback amplifiers A1 have an infinite input resistance.We will now perform AC analysis of the Mid Frequency Response of this transistor circuit to find its Midband Gain. When doing AC analysis of the mid frequency response of this transistor …613-745-4110 | 1- 877-463-8886 (1- 877-iNetVu6) www.c-comsat.com Specifi cations are subject to change Jan 2016 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS The iNetVu® 240 Fixed Motorised Antenna system is a 2.4m self-pointing auto-acquire unit that can be mounted as a permanent ins tallation.Question: 4. For the network of Fig. 2 a) Determine Vaso and Ipo. b) Find Gmo and gm c) Calculate the midband gain of Av=VN d) Determine z e) Calculate Avs = VNS f) Determine fig, foc, and fus g) Determine the low-cutoff frequency h) Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by part (1) i) Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier using the …This article presents an exact mid-band gain-expression for the CMOS operational-transconductance-amplifier (OTA) with low-voltage-cascode-current-mirror (LVCCM) load. Its …USA homework help - Find the mid-band gain AM and the 3-dB (high) frequency of a MOS cascade amplifier as shown in the following circuit.To find the midband gain of the amplifier in Fig. P9.1, you would need to determine the small-signal voltage gain (Av) at the midband frequency. Given that gm (transconductance) of the NMOS transistor is 1 mA/V, you can use the following formula to calculate the midband gain: 30. An inverting (−180 degrees) amplifier has a midband gain of 32 dB and a single lead network critical at 20 Hz (assume the lag network \(f_c\) is high enough to ignore for low frequency calculations). What are the gain and phase values at 4 Hz, 20Hz, and 100 Hz? 31. Repeat Problem 29 with a noninverting amplifier. Midband gain, For the common emitter, neglect r0 and assum the current souce to be ideal. (a) Derive an expression for the midband gain. (b) Derive Expressions for the break frequencues caused by Ce and Cc. (c) Give an expression for the amplifier voltage gain A (s). (d) For Rsin = Rc = Rl = 10K%u03A9, B = 100, and I = 1mA, find the value of the midband gain., AirPods 3 fill the middle ground between second-gen AirPods and AirPods Pro. They aim to boost the experience with a refreshed design, better sound with real-time tuning and longer battery life ..., If you’ve sold property for a profit, then you’re taxed on money you’ve made from the sale. The profit is called capital gains, and the tax on profits is called a capital gains tax. As with anything tax related, there’s plenty to learn beca..., Individual retirement accounts offer tax benefits, including tax-sheltered growth, for your retirement savings. You can contribute stock gains -- or any other source of money -- but, if stock gains are your only source of income, you are no..., Video 8 - BJT midband gain. This video shows how the midband gain of the amplifiers are calculated. Common Emitter (bypassed emitter) 01:15 Common emitter (split …, This video shows how the midband gain of the amplifiers are calculated.Common Emitter (bypassed emitter) 01:15Common emitter (split emitter) 06:20Common base..., Mid-band Gain to determine: A ( ω ) V ( ω ) o vo = V i ( ω ) and then plotting the magnitude: M A Avo ( ω ) ωL ω ω H we determine mid-band gain A , right? M A: You could do all that, but there is an easier way. Recall the midband gain is the value af Avo ( ω ) for frequencies within the amplifier bandwidth. , 37. Draw the gain Bode plot for the circuit of Problem 36. 38. What are the maximum and minimum phase shifts across the entire frequency spectrum for the circuit of Problem 36? 39. A noninverting DC amplifier has a midband gain of 36 dB, and lag networks at 100 kHz, 750 kHz, and 1.2 MHz. Draw its gain Bode plot. 40., An active band pass filter that has a voltage gain Av of one (1) and a resonant frequency, ƒr of 1kHz is constructed using an infinite gain multiple feedback filter circuit. Calculate the values of the components required to implement the circuit. Firstly, we can determine the values of the two resistors, R1 and R2 required for the active ..., Bf = 100; % current gain, A/A Af = Bf/(Bf+1); Vt = 0.026; % thermal voltage @ room temp. % DC bias Vb = R1*Vcc/(R1+R2) Ve = Vb-Vbeon Ie = Ve/(Re1+Re2);, The amplifier achieves a midband gain of 70 dB and a -3dB bandwidth in the range 0.1-212 Hz. Moreover, the amplifier is designed in 0.18- μm CMOS process and the chip area of the proposed circuit with pads is 450×450 μm 2. The adjustable LPF has a 100 Hz cut-off frequency. The proposed circuit has an input-referred noise of 0.7 μVrms, (0.1 ..., The formula to calculate the Midband Gain, A M, of a transistor circuit is: However, in order to calculate this midband gain, complete AC analysis must be done. Below is a transistor circuit which we will find the midband gain for: Below is the equivalent AC Equivalent Circuit of the schematic above: AC Analysis Solve R1||R2 (which is RB), Question. a) Determine the VGSQ and IDQ. b) Find gmo and gm. c) Calculate the midband of gain of Av=Vo/Vi. d) Determine Zi. e) Calculate Avs= Vo/ Vs. f) Determine fLG, fLC, and fLS. g) Determine the low-cut off frequency. Transcribed Image Text: 18 V Cwi = 3 pF C2 %3D gd=4 pF = CWo 5 PF C. 3D6 gs=6 pF 3 k2 4.7 HF 1 k2 Ips DSS =6 mA Vp--6 V, r ..., 3) modify the midband gain frequency response using the break frequencies and filtering type (highpass in the low frequency analysis). There is a hidden assumption in the strategy above: it is assumed that each frequency roll-off effect is independent of the others, that is, that they do not interact. This is not, 31 Agu 2020 ... The results show similar midband gain with lesser capacitor usage and smaller chip occupancy area with provision of concurrent tunable gain and ..., The gain value in this region is known as the midband gain. In purely passive circuits this value may be fractional (i.e., a negative dB value). At either extreme of the midband region, the gain begins to decrease. The gain plot shows two important frequencies, \(f_1\) and \(f_2\). \(f_1\) is the lower break frequency while \(f_2\) is the upper ..., For the network of Fig. 9.88: a. Determine VGse and IDQ b. Find gm0 and gm. c. Calculate the midband gain of Av=Vo/Vi. d. Determine Zi. e. Calculate Avs=Vo/Vs. f. Determine fLG,fLC and fLS. g. Determine the low-cutoff frequency. h. Sketch the asymptotes of the Bode plot defined by part (f). i. Sketch the low-frequency response for the amplifier ..., Ø Midband gain: It is defined as the band of frequencies between 10 f 1 and 0.1 f 2. It is denoted as midband gain or A mid. The voltage gain of the amplifier outside the midband is approximately given as, · Problem: For an amplifier, midband gain = 100 and lower cutoff frequency is 1 kHz., Find the input resistance R in and the midband gain A M . If C C 1 = C C 2 = 1 μ F and C E = 20 μ F, find the three short-circuit time constants and an estimate for f L Figure 10.41 (a) A discrete-circuit common-emitter amplifier., Mar 20, 2021 · Index 22 gives the midband dB gain for Cascode vm(3)=47.5dB and Common-emitter vm(13)=45.4dB. Out of many printed lines, Index 33 was the closest to being 3dB down from 45.4dB at 42.0dB for the Common-emitter circuit. The corresponding Index 33 frequency is approximately 2Mhz, the common-emitter bandwidth. , 30. An inverting (−180 degrees) amplifier has a midband gain of 32 dB and a single lead network critical at 20 Hz (assume the lag network \(f_c\) is high enough to ignore for low frequency calculations). What are the gain and phase values at 4 Hz, 20Hz, and 100 Hz? 31. Repeat Problem 29 with a noninverting amplifier., M is the midband gain given by (2.1), and ! H is the upper 3-dB fre-quency point, or! H = ! 0 = 1 C inR0 sig; f H =! H 2ˇ = 1 2ˇC inR0 sig (2.12) 2.1.1 Validity of Single-Pole Approximation The single-pole approximation is valid when the second pole is far away from the rst pole. It can be shown that with exact analysis, when the inequality ... , Midband Gain in High-Frequency Response of CE Amplifier calculator uses Mid Band Gain = -(Base Resistance/(Base Resistance+Signal Resistance))*(Finite Input ..., The forward path of the improver has midband gain 1/13 and approximates a single-pole low-frequency cutoff of time constant fA. The overall feedback network has midband transmission 13with phase-linear low-freimprover is designed with quency cutoff also of time constant 1/13 = 31.6 r^ = 30 ms. fA., What kind of filter is it? 2. Can the filter be a 1′ st order? 3. Can it be 2′ 'nd order 4. What is the DC,AC, or Midband gain? 5. What is τ ? (if one can be found) 6. What is the reasonable range of ζ (if one exists)? 7. What are possible forms of the time domain function? 8. What is the form of H(s) of the system?, Rx 10.95–12.75 GHz Midband gain Rx ~47.7 dBi G/T (typical) 25.5 dB/k 4024C 2.4 m diameter, C band, symmetrical, prime focus Tx 5925 MHz Nominal gain 41.2 dBi Tx 6175 MHz Nominal gain 41.5 dBi Tx 6425 MHz Nominal gain 42.0 dBi Rx 3625–4200 MHz Midband gain ~38.2 dBi, Mar 8, 2018 · From Eq. above, the midband gain can be determined by the ratio C in /C f. Interestingly, the midband gain is independent of the input parasitic capacitance C p due to the virtual ground principle of the OTA . The lower cutoff frequency is 1/R b C f, and the upper cutoff frequency is \(\upbeta G_{m} /C_{Leff}\). , 6. Consider an amplifier having a midband gain AM and a low-frequency response characterized by a pole at s=-ωL and a zero at s=0. Let the amplifier be connected in a negative-feedback loop with a feedback factor β. Find an expression for the midband gain and the lower 3dB frequency of the closed-loop amplifier. By what factor have both changed?, produces a larger variation in collector current because of the current gain of the transistor. R C +V CC 1 2R E R L C 2 V b R s I b I c ICQ V ce V CEQ V s C 1 I BQ V BQ FIGURE 6–2 An amplifier with voltage-divider bias driven by an ac voltage source with an internal resistance, R s. As the sinusoidal collector current increases, the ..., AirPods 3 fill the middle ground between second-gen AirPods and AirPods Pro. They aim to boost the experience with a refreshed design, better sound with real-time tuning and longer battery life ..., – Gain drops due to effects of internal capacitances of the device • Bandwidth is the frequency range over which gain is flat –BW= ω H or ω H-ω L ≈ω H (ω H >> ω L) • Gain-Bandwidth Product (GB) – Amplifier figure of merit –GB ≡A Mω H where A M is the midband gain – We will see later that it is possible to trade off gain ..., Procedure for finding the transfer functions of electric networks: 1. First draw the given electrical network in the s domain with each inductance L replaced by sL and each capacitance replaced by 1/sC., The midband gain (the C's have negligible reactance (1/ ω C) at midband and are assumed to be short circuits) of the first amplifier, using (5.15), is A v = V b2 /v b1 = −g m (R L ∥ r i), where ∥ denotes the parallel combination of R L and r i. At lower frequencies, when the reactance of C increases to where it is comparable to r i and R ...